Mogadishu,
locally known as Xamar or Hamar, is the capital and most populous city of
Somalia. Located in the coastal Banadir region on the Somali Sea, the city has
served as an important port for millennia. The original inhabitants are known
as reer xamar. As of 2017, it had a population of 2,425,000 residents.
Founded
by the Arabs in the 10th century, Mogadishu became the capital and chief port
of Somalia. Initially after their arrival, families of Arab and Persian descent
ruled Somalia and fueled the widespread conversion to Islam. By the thirteenth
century, Mogadishu became prosperous by trading gold, livestock, slaves,
leather, and ivory.
The
major religion is Sunni Muslim and the official language is Somali although
Arabic, Italian, and English are all spoken there.
Tradition
and old records assert that southern Somalia, including the Mogadishu area, was
historically inhabited by hunter-gatherers. These were later joined by
Cushitic-speaking agro-pastoralists, who would go on to establish local
aristocracies.
During its medieval Golden Age, Mogadishu was ruled by the
Muzaffar dynasty, who were Arab people and later the Ajuran Sultanate. This is
found mainly in the Banaadiri oral traditions who are the native population.
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